In penetrant testing, a liquid with high surface wetting characteristics is applied to the surface of a component under test. The reference block type 2 iso 34523 is used for verification of the penetration systems iso 34521 operation performance at the beginning of each period. Type 1 reference blocks are used to determine the sensitivity levels of both fluorescent and colour contrast penetrant product families. Dwell times are usually recommended by the penetrant producers. Liquid penetrant testing pt is a nondestructive testing method of revealing surface discontinuities. Qmsp008 revision 0 august 08, 2016 page 7 9 cleanerremover and then applied to the test specimen. It is a widely applied and lowcost inspection method used to locate surfacebreaking defects in all nonporous materials metals, plastics, or ceramics. Pdf nondestructive testing by liquid penetrant testing.
Ensuring the integrity and reliability of a product r0. Guide to method a water washable processing per astm e1417 preclean surface part must be clean, dry and at a temperature of 4. The test surface must be clean adequately, providing. Recommend the dye penetrant test for a specific material. The very first step is a thorough surface cleaning to be sure the test piece is free of. Fluorescentdye testing is easily performed under laboratory conditions. Excess penetrant is removed from the surface and a developer is applied to. Explain the basic principles of the dye penetrant test.
Penetrant testing materials the penetrant materials used today are much more sophisticated than the kerosene and whiting first used by railroad inspectors near the turn of the 20th century. Smooth surfaces such as those produced by clean cutting tools give best results. Sae ams 2644 inspection material, penetrant covers the qualification, classification, and test procedures for all. Identify the different types of penetrant used in the test. Astm e1417 also establishes the required tests and testing frequency for inuse penetrant materials. Minimum dwell times typically range from 5 to 60 minutes. Wld 204 non destructive testing i penetrant testing.
Describe the main parts of the dye penetrant kit used to perform the dye penetrant test. Reference test blocks 1 scope this international standard describes two types of reference blocks. Overview of liquid penetrant inspection and magnetic. Although there are more options in the way the test is performed, the basic principles have not changed over the years. Liquid penetrant inspection lpi, also known as dye penetrant inspection dpi or penetrant testing pt, was first developed in the early 1940s to detect flaws on the surface of materials. Nondestructive testing handbook, liquid penetrant testing, by asnt latest edition b. Liquid penetrant testing is based on the principle of. Although the technology, specifically penetrant formulations and associated cleaning methods, have evolved the underlying principles still hold true.
Apply penetrant spray or brush the part or section to be inspected so that surface is covered with penetrant. Dye penetrant test module objectives after the completion of this module, the student will be able to. Although there are more options in the way the test is performed, the basic principles have not. The penetrant materials used today are much more sophisticated than the kerosene and whiting first used by railroad inspectors near the turn of the 20th century. The test specimen shall then be wiped clean and excess penetrant removed. Excess dye is then removed from the surface, and a developer is applied. Volume 1, liquid penetrant testing differs from the third edition in many ways. Liquid penetrant inspection report an ndt inspection test report, useful for documenting observations of liquiddye penetrant examinations format no. Liquid penetrant inspection is a nondestructive test method which does not harm the parts being inspected. This method is used to reveal surface discontinuities by bleed out of a colored or fluorescent dye from the flaw. Cleaning for precleaning, coat the part or section to be inspected with cleanerremover. The penetrant contrasts with the surface of the part so the crack is identified more easily.
Liquid penetrant testing pt, also known as liquid penetrant inspection lpi or dye penetrant testing, is reliable for detecting surfacebreaking flaws in materials with a nonporous surface such as metals, plastics, glass and ceramics. The penetrant may be applied to all nonferrous materials and ferrous materials, although for ferrous components magneticparticle inspection. Strict precleaning is required before dye penetrant inspection to start. Note solvent shall not be sprayed onto the test specimen. Todays penetrants are carefully formulated to produce the level of sensitivity desired by the inspector. They may be effectively used in the inspection of both ferrous and nonferrous metals and on nonporous, nonmetallic materials, such as ceramics, plastics and glass. When you read this book remember this man was the pioneer and is going where no man had gone before.
Penetrant testing pt test objects are coated with visible or fluorescent dye solution. Liquid penetrant testing fluorescent get a quote download pdf version. The dye penetrant method of inspection with spotcheck is a nondestructive test for defects open to the surface. Introduction to nondestructive testing ndt the use of. Allow cleaner to remain on part long enough to dissolve dirt or film. A new chapter on the fluorescent technique and ultraviolet radiation has been added, sections covering safety, materials, and probability of detection have been significantly updated, as have citations to applicable standards. The process is based upon capillary action, where low surface tension fluid penetrates into clean and dry surfacebreaking discontinuities. This part of iso 3452 specifies a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e. Liquid penetrant testing can be applied to any nonporous clean material, metallic or nonmetallic, but is unsuitable for dirty or very rough surfaces.
Penetrant test kits penetrant kits are the most convenient and economic means of finding surface flaws in nonporous material. The advantage that a liquid penetrant inspection offers over an unaided visual inspection is that it makes defects easier to see for the inspector. The part is a 12 inch thick aluminum plate with a veeweld. Liquid penetrant testing detecting flaws on nonporous surfaces. To handle different applications for examination by liquid penetrant testing, there are now three basic penetrant systems within each of the two types. It may be used on such materials as aluminum, magnesium. One of the most critical steps of a liquid penetrant inspection is the surface preparation. These processes are applicable for the detection of discontinuities, such as lack of fusion, corrosion, cracks, laps, cold shuts, and.
Course outline day one lesson 1 overview of the method. Pt is used to detect casting, forging and welding surface defects such as hairline cracks, surface porosity. Kits are available in available with either fluorescent or visible penetrant with either solvent removable, water washable or postemulsifiable methods. Liquid penetrant inspection is used to detect any surfaceconnected discontinuities such as cracks. Penetrant kits are the most convenient and economic means of finding surface flaws in nonporous material. Nov 17, 2014 dye penetrant testing only detects discontinuities which are on surface while magnetic particle testing detects not only surface cracks but also those imperfections that are very near to surface. Fluorescent penetrants are used under an ultraviolet light that makes penetrant fluoresce. Liquid penetrant testingvisible ptforged and machined roller test. Allow penetrant to remain on the part from 1030 minutes. Nov 30, 2015 liquid penetrant testing is one of the oldest and simplest ndt methods. The testing methods detect cracks, fractures, laps. How to do fluorescent penetrant testing magnaflux eu en. History of penetrant method l etching the surface of the part was etched or pickled by corrosive liquids. Penetrant testing textbook binding june 1, 1960 by carl betz author 4.
Ndt level ii qualification penetrant testing pt snttc1a targeted audience inspectors, managers, production engineers, design office engineers and technicians. Jul 12, 2016 40 videos play all theory and practice of non destructive testing metallurgy and material science ndt dye penetrant demo duration. Penetrant dwell penetrant dwell time is the total time that the penetrant is in contact with the part surface. Liquid penetrant testing is one of the oldest and simplest ndt methods. Rndt performs liquid penetrant testing to locate surfacebreaking defects in all nonporous materials. Sae ams 2644 inspection material, penetrant covers the qualification, classification, and test procedures for all liquid penetrant test materials. Penetrant testing pt professionals mht access services. Materials and processes for ndt technology by asnt latest edition 31 to 44 50 to 54 57 to 65 79 to 93 95 to 117. This test method is also nondestructive ndt and does not damage the tested parts. Dye penetrant inspection dpi, also called liquid penetrant inspection lpi or penetrant testing pt, is one of the oldest and simplists ndt methods where its earliest versions using kerosene and oil mixture dates back to the 19th century. Basic processing steps of a liquid penetrant inspection. Penetrant test kits non destructive testing equipment. The method can be manual, semiautomatic or fully automated. The chemical, equipment and ndt accessory choices have grown but the fundamentals and benefits of liquid penetrant inspection have endured the test of time.
It may be used on such materials as aluminum, magnesium, brass, copper, cast iron, steel, stainless steel, carbides, stellite, certain plastics and ceramics. The developer acts as a blotter, drawing trapped penetrant out of imperfections open to the surface. Liquid penetrant and magnetic particle testing at level 2. Surface cleaning is a vital part of the penetrant testing technique. Nov 01, 2010 liquid penetrant inspection lpi, also known as dye penetrant inspection dpi or penetrant testing pt, was first developed in the early 1940s to detect flaws on the surface of materials. The advantage that a liquid penetrant inspection offers over an unaided. Generally, there is no harm in using a longer penetrant dwell time as long as the penetrant is. It is mainly applied to metallic materials, but can also be performed on other materials, provided that they are inert to the test media. Learning objectives select the ndt technique for the liquid penetrant testing method to be used define the limitations of application of the testing method. The american society for nondestructive testing asnt uses the name liquid penetrant testing pt. The testing process can be broken down into the following distinct steps. The dye penetrant method of inspection is a nondestructive test for defects open to the surface.
If penetrant pulls back in droplets stop and clean part again. Liquid penetrant testing 2255 ndt handbook, fourth edition. Penetrant inspection a nondestructive testing ndt procedure suitable for general liquiddye penetrant inspections. Ndt level ii qualification penetrant testing pt snttc1a. After a specified time, excess penetrant is removed from the. Test ndt does not have any prerequisites for attending any of our courses, it is entirely up to the attendee to determine whether the course is suitable for their. Dye penetrant testing only detects discontinuities which are on surface while magnetic particle testing detects not only surface cracks but also those imperfections that are very near to surface. Nondestructive testing ndt is commonly thought of a broad field. Overview of liquid penetrant inspection and magnetic particle. How does magnetic particle testing technique detect indications. Penetrant test kits dye penetrant non destructive testing.
Volume 1, liquid penetrant tests 142, 142cd, 142wcd supplement to recommended practice no. The liquid penetrates into surface breaking discontinuities via capillary action and other mechanisms. This is a sample lpt procedure and may be required to be modified as per specific requirements. See all 2 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Over the years, liquid penetrant examination has been called many names. S hakiwan s habri m ohd h affis a bd r azak non destructive test 2. This method was used extensively in the railroad industry and was termed the oil and whiting test. Ndt level ii qualification penetrant testing pt snt.
This acts as a blotter that draws the penetrant from the discontinuity to reveal its presence. Dye penetrant inspection dp, also called liquid penetrate inspection lpi or penetrant testing pt, is a widely applied and lowcost inspection method used to check surfacebreaking defects in all nonporous materials metals, plastics, or ceramics. The surface must be free of oil, grease, water, or other contaminants that may prevent penetrant from entering flaws. Liquid dye penetrant test inspection free ndt sample. Feb 27, 2018 liquid penetrant testingvisible ptforged and machined roller test. Nevertheless, the only basic difference between visible dye and fluorescent penetrant inspection is the method of viewing the results or indications. Objective liquid penetrant processes are nondestructive testing methods for detecting discontinuities that are open to surface. V22a, 6th main, 2nd stage, peenya industrial estate, bangalore560058, india.
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